Search results for " analogical reasoning"
showing 4 items of 4 documents
Analogy
2020
Analogy is a mode of reasoning that is employed in problem solving, logic, science and art. The scheme of analogical reasoning is centred on the detection of similarity or common features across domains. Copi and Cohen (2005), Keynes (1921), Carnap (1980) suggested what analogical reasoning consists of. De Finetti (1938) proposed an alternative treatment of analogy as inference on what is invariant across statistical distributions of distinct event kinds. In problem solving theory, cognitive models of the content and the structural mapping of analogy has been built. Science and art has provided important test beds for models.
Metaphors in the mirror: The influence of teaching metaphors in a medical education programme
2016
Medical students often face problems in using and understanding metaphors when communicating with a patient or reading a scientific paper. These figures of speech constitute an interpretative problem and students need key strategies to facilitate metaphor comprehension and disambiguation of meaning. This article examines how medical students' strategies of metaphor comprehension could be improved by specific teaching on metaphors using a Cognitive Linguistics approach. Medical students' ability to comprehend mirror neuron metaphors was assessed comparing the performance of students who did not receive any instruction about metaphoric extension strategies after a lesson on mirror neurons wit…
Current and Potential Cognitive Development in Healthy Children: A New Approach to Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices
2022
In clinical practice and research, Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPMs) continue to be used according to a single procedure that aims to evaluate a single overall score of the current general intelligence level. This study aimed to examine potential cognitive development in a sample of 450 typically developing children, aged from 6 to 10 years, by administering RCPMs according to the standard procedure followed immediately by a standardized interview on incorrect items. In addition, the study aimed to analyze how performance differed across age groups. The results analysis was examined on the basis of three different factors in which the items were grouped in previous factorial stu…
The Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices in Healthy Children: A Qualitative Approach
2020
Studies on the structure of intelligence refer to two main theoretical models: the first one considers intelligence as a unitary construct, the second one assumes the involvement of a plurality of factors. Studies using Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) tasks have often highlighted the involvement of different cognitive abilities and brain structures, but in the clinical setting, RCPM measurement continues to be used as a single score. The current study aimed to analyse the RCPM performance following qualitative clustering, in order to provide an interpretation of the intelligence assessment through a factorial criterion. The RCPM have been administered to a large group of typica…